3b-scientific Yi Bell User Manual download pdf

Operating instructions

3B SCIENTIFIC® PHYSICS

U30002 Yi bell

1/03 ALF

The Yi bell is used to demonstrate the relationship be-

tween temperature and oscillation damping.

1. Safety instructions

• Only use solid fuel (Esbit) in the students’ experi-

ment.

• In the demonstration experiment, do not saturate

the cloth with liquid fuel (methylated spirit).

• Exercise particular caution when igniting the fuel.

• Only ignite the fuel with matches.

• Do not touch the bell or burner during or after the

heating phase.

• Allow the bell to cool after completing the demon-

stration.

2. Description, technical data

This „bell of faith“ was copied from a 2-tone bell dis-

covered in 1978 in the grave of the Chinese marquis Yi

from the 5th century BC. It is cast from a newly devel-

oped copper-magnesium alloy and possesses a singu-

lar physical characteristic resulting from its special

shape and the effect of temperature on oscillation

damping. A curve of the energy decrement per period

is plotted against the temperature in Figure 1. The

change in the elastic characteristics of the alloy, (A

2 -

n+l

2)/A

2, expressed here as a percentage, is consider-

able from room temperature to approximately 100°C.

At room temperature, the bell only sounds dull and

wooden. However, if it is heated for several minutes

with an alcohol burner, it produces a beautiful tone.

Figure 2 shows the acoustic oscillations before and af-

ter the bell is heated.

The bell is stowed in a robust wooden box with a fabric

and velvet lining.

Energy decrement per period %

Temperature in °C

Figure 1

Graph of energy decrement per period as a function of temperature

Figure 2

Change in the attenuation and frequency of the bell before and after

heating. Top: cold; bottom: hot

1 2

Summary of Contents

Page 1 - U30002 Yi bell

3Operating instructions3B SCIENTIFIC® PHYSICSU30002 Yi bell1/03 ALF®The Yi bell is used to demonstrate the relationship be-tween temperature and oscil

Page 2

43B Scientific GmbH • Rudorffweg 8 • 21031 Hamburg • Germany • www.3bscientific.com • Technical amendments are possibleDimensions: 295 mm x 210 mm x

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3b-scientific Yi Bell User Manual

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